Definition and Examples of the Figures of Speech

The figures of speech are the various rhetorical uses of language  that depart from customary construction, word  order, or significance.  Figures of speech, Gleaves Whitney has observed, are  all of the ways in which human beings bend and stretch words to heighten meaning or create a desired effect (American Presidents: Farewell Messages to the Nation, 2003). Common figures of speech include metaphor,  simile, metonymy, hyperbole, personification, and chiasmus, though there are countless others. Figures of speech are also known as figures of rhetoric, figures of style, rhetorical figures, figurative language,  and schemes. Although the figures of speech are sometimes regarded as simply  ornamental additions to a text  (like candy sprinkles  on a cake), in fact they serve as integral elements of style and thought (the cake itself, as Tom Robbins points out). In the  Institutes of Oratory  (95 AD), Quintilian says  that  the figures, used effectively, are exciting to the emotions and give  credibility to our arguments.   For examples of the most common figures, follow the links at The Top 20 Figures of Speech. Also see Examples and Observations below. For definitions of well over 100 figures, visit The Tool Kit for Rhetorical Analysis. Examples and Observations An integral part of language, figures of speech  are found in oral literatures, as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech. Greeting-card rhymes, advertising slogans, newspaper headlines, the captions of cartoons, and the  mottoes of families and institutions often use figures of speech, generally for humorous, mnemonic, or eye-catching purposes. The argots of  sports, jazz, business, politics, or any specialized groups abound in figurative language. Most figures in everyday speech are formed by extending the vocabulary of what is already familiar and better known to what is less well  known.(Merriam-Websters Readers Handbook.  Merriam-Webster, 1997)The Figures as Ways of Seeing- The vast pool of terms for verbal ornamentation has acted like a gene pool for the rhetorical imagination, stimulating us to look at language in another way. . . . The figures have worked historically to teach a way of seeing.(Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. University  of California Press, 1991)- The most excellent ornaments, exornations, lightes, flowers, and formes of speech, commonly called the figures of rhetorike. By which the singular partes of mans mind, are most aptly expressed, and the sundrie affections of his heart most effectuallie uttered.(Henry Peacham, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593)Language Is Not the Frosting, Its the CakeIf, as Terence McKenna contended, the world is actually made of language, then metaphors and similes (puns, too, I might add) extend the dimensions and expand the possibilities of the world. When both innovative and relevant, they can wake up a reader, make him or her aware, through elasticity of verbiage, that reality—in our daily lives as well as in our stories—is less prescribed than tradition has led us to believe. . . .Ultimately, I use figures of speech to deepen the readers subliminal understanding of the person, place, or thing thats being described. That, above everything e lse, validates their role as a highly effective literary device. If nothing else, they remind reader and writer alike that language is not the frosting, its the cake.(Tom Robbins, What Is the Function of Metaphor? Wild Ducks Flying Backward. Bantam, 2005)The Plasticity of LanguageThe figurings of speech reveal to us the apparently limitless plasticity of language itself. We are confronted, inescapably, with the intoxicating possibility that we can make language do for us almost anything we want. Or at least a Shakespeare can.(Arthur Quinn, Figures of Speech: 60 Ways To Turn A Phrase. Routledge, 1995)SchemesThe Greeks called them schemes, a better word than figures, because they serve as persuasive tricks and rules of thumb. While Shakespeare had to memorize more than 200 of them in grammar school, the basic ones arent hard to learn. . . .Figures of speech change ordinary language through repetition, substitution, sound, and wordplay. They mess around with words—skipping them, swapping them, and making them sound different.(Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing. Three Rivers Press, 2007)Figures of Argument and Figures of StyleWe consider a figure to be argumentative if it brings about a change of perspective, and its use seems normal in relation to this new situation. If, on the other hand, the speech does not bring about the adherence of the hearer to this argumentative form, the figure will be considered an embellishment, a figure of style. It can excite admiration, but this will be on the aesthetic plane, or in recognition of the speakers originality.(Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Translated by J. Wilkinson and P. Weaver. University  of Notre Dame Press, 1969)Figures of Speech in EconomicsFigures of speech are  not mere frills. They think for us. Says Heidegger, Die Spracht spricht, nicht der Mensch: The language speaks, not the human speaker. Someone who thinks of a market as an invisible hand and the organization of work as a production function and her coefficients as being significant, as an economist does, is giving the language a lot of responsibility. It seems a good idea to look hard at the language.(Deirdre N. McCloskey, The Rhetoric of Economics, 2nd ed.  University of Wisconsin Press, 1998)Figures of Speech and ThoughtThe real nature of the relation of figures to thought is very generally misunderstood. The majority of rhetoricians treat of them as mere ornaments, which render a discourse more pleasing, and which may be used or rejected at pleasure. Some writers—as, for example, Locke--condemn their employment in works intended to convey knowledge and truth; they are pronounced inventions, which serve only to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions, and mislead the judgment.But instead of being inventions of art, they are the natural, and therefore necessary and universal forms, in which excited imagination and passion manifest themselves. The yo ung and the old, the barbarous and the civilized, all employ them unconsciously. Languages in their earlier state are highly figurative; as they grow older they lose their natural picturesqueness and become collections of lifeless symbols. These abstract forms are regarded by rhetoricians and grammarians as the natural and ordinary forms of speech, and so they describe figures as departures from the usual forms of expression.(Andrew D. Hepburn, Manual of English Rhetoric, 1875)Figures of Speech as (Metaphorical) Dance Moves[Figures of speech] are like the steps a ballet dancer might perform as part of a longer routine: for instance, pirouette (spinning on tiptoes), grand jetà © (jumping  horizontally with legs extended backward and forward),  and chassà © (sliding with legs bent). These dance moves, like the figures, are units of performance:  we can point to them, describe  how they are formed, and judge whether they are executed effectively or not. There are no rigid rul es about how they might be combined or incorporated into a broader performance. Like dance moves, the figures of speech are  vehicles for managing interactions between performer and audience while shaping  the latters perceptions of what they see or read. They are also already in circulation and thus  part  of a general repertoire for performance. For this reason, they carry meanings and values that exceed an individual performers use of them. In other words, they come with baggage—most of it positive, but some negative.(Chris Holcomb and M. Jimmie Killingsworth,  Performing Prose: The Study and Practice of Style in Composition.  Southern Illinois University Press, 2010)The Lighter Side of Figures of SpeechRocket: I have a plan! I have a plan!Drax: Cease your yammering, and relieve us from this irksome confinement.Peter Quill: Yeah, I’ll have to agree with the walking thesaurus on that  one.Drax: Do not ever call me a  thesaurus.Peter Quill: Its just a metaphor, Dude.Rocket: His people are completely literal. Metaphors are gonna go over his  head.Drax: Nothing goes over my head. My reflexes are too  fast. I would catch it.Gamora: Im gonna die surrounded by the biggest idiots in the galaxy.(Guardians of the Galaxy, 2014) Pronunciation: FIG-yurz uv SPEECH

Phar Mor Inc. Overview - 1724 Words

Margaret Linden ACCT525 Week 1 Assignment May 5, 2017 Phar-Mor Inc. Phar-Mor Inc is a discount drugstore chain, 1992 it because associated with a Giant Eagle which was a family-owned grocery chain along with the distribution company Tamco Distributors co. This company would use Power buy which is when the company buys the largest possible amount of product at a great price because they are buying so much of the product. Then the company will turn around and selling the product at a discount anywhere from 25%-50% off what the retail price would be. The Vice-president of Tamco was then name the new president of the new company Phar-Mor Inc. and by 1987 had increased to 70 stores and had grown even more†¦show more content†¦One would assume that they should have brought a new person in to do the audit but then that person would have been on the job at the beginning of the scandal and carried it through until the very end. Another thing that would have prevented the Phar-Mor scandal could have come from section 206, â€Å"Conflicts of Interest†. This was a big one because three of the members of the fraud team at Phar-More were former Coopers and Lybrand auditors which could have been used as conflicts of interest and at least one of those men had been with the company for several years and because he was hired more than a year before they were audited but was able to get out of it on a technicality. He later admitted to covering it up and misstatement was illegal. Waste Management Scandal Waste Management Inc. is a publicly traded for profit waste management company and is one of the largest waste collection corporation in North America. It owns 252 landfill sites and has over 39,000 employees. The waste management scandal was one of the largest accounting frauds we have seen. In 2002 there was lawsuit that was brought against the founders of the waste management Inc. which charged them with a huge financial fraud that lasted for about five years which took place between 1992 and 1997. During this scandal Waste Management was accused of increasing profits by $1.7 billion dollars, gaining almost $29 million from annual bonuses and insider trader.Show MoreRelatedWaste Management33554 Words   |  135 Pagesaccounting fraud and auditor legal liability c a S eS inc lu de d in t hiS Se ction 4 89 99 4.1 Enron Corporation and Andersen, LLP Analyzing the Fall of Two Giants . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Comptronix Corporation 4.3 Cendant Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Identifying Inherent Risk and Control Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 119 127 137 Assessing the Control Environment and Evaluating Risk of Financial StatementRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management4038 Words   |  17 PagesBCCI Sumitomo Corporation Tokyo Shinkin Bank Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Daiwa Bank Barings Non-Financial Institutions: LTCM Texaco, Inc. Cendant Corporation Dow Corning St. Francis Assisi Foundation Mettlgesellschaft Owens Corning Fiber Glass Orange County Atlantic Richfield Kashima Oil Showa Shell Prudential Securities Drexel Burnham Lambert General Motors Phar Mor Loss Amount $20 million. Initial Estimates $17 billion $2.9 billion $2.3 billion $1.8 billion $1.1 billion $1 billion $4 billion $3

This days black fate on moes day doth depend Essay Example For Students

This days black fate on moes day doth depend Essay At the beginning of Romeo and Juliet there is a fierce fight between the Montagues and the Capulets .The intensity of the fight persuades lord Capulet to throw a Masquerade party. Romeo takes advantage of this occasion and decides to gate crash the party with his friends (Mercutio and Benvolio). Romeo goes to catch a glimse of Rosaline but instead he catchers a glimse of Juliet and both of them fall in love. As Romeo enters the party he is quickly recognised by Tybalt who takes matters into his own hand and is willing to fight Romeo. Lord Capulet sees them quarrelling and tells Tybalt not to ruin his party or the prince will execute him. As a result Tybalt does fight at the party. During Act3 Scene1 Mercutio is getting angry. Benvolio warns him, the day is hot, the capels are abroad, and if we meet, we shall not scape a brawl. Mercutio is bitterly disgusted by Benvolio and wants him to stay. He teases Benvolio. Mercutio claims that Benvolio is a makes trouble so why does he want peace? We will write a custom essay on This days black fate on moes day doth depend specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As Tybalt approaches to have a word with Mercutio, Mercutio triggers of the quarrel by demanding, make it a word and a blow .As Romeo enters, Tybalt wants to fight but Romeo disagrees, he says he loves Tybalt probably because of Tybalt being Romeos wifes (Juliet) cousin. After hearing that Romeo likes Tybalt, Mercutio is jealous; Mercutio doesnt want to lose his best friend to Tybalt. He could be otherwise be thing that Romeo is acting weak and scared. Therefore Mercutio backs up Romeo and fights Tybalt. Romeo comes in the way and Tybalt mistakenly stabs Mercutio. Romeo seeks revenge over Mercutio and kills Tybalt. Mercutio plays a vital role of a person who thinks he is higher in respect than others. This may be because he is a kinsman. Some of Mercutios words have double meaning, Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man this can mean you would find me a serious man or he would be dead. This is also a good example of him using humour even when he is fatally wounded. Another good example would be, Ay, Ay ay a scratch, a scratch this could mean he is saying the cut is only a scratch or he could be talking about Tybalt who is referred as a cat. However I think that Mercutio is only joking even when he is seriously injured. Mercutio gives the two families a plague by ordering, A plague on both your houses! he declares this three times which was meant to be bad luck in Shakespeares time. Mercutio is getting his revenge back on Romeo (Montague) and Juliets (Capulet) fate, which makes Romeo a tragic hero. As Mercutio awaits his death he is still making up jokes about his cut, tis not so deep as a well nor so wide as a church door; but tis enough. Mercutio has no fear as he approaches Tybalt he expressers, by my heel I care not. Tybalt is a character who is totally addicted to fighting we know this because Romeo says, doth must excuse the appertaining rage and Tybalt replies, turn and draw .We also know he likes to fight because of him being involved in every single fight in Romeo and Juliet. Tybalt is mentioned as a cat though out the scene here are two examples, Tybalt you rat-catcher and good king of cats. Tybalt is known as rat-catcher because that was the name given to the cat in the book called Reynard the Fox or the modern one called Tibby. .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 , .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .postImageUrl , .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 , .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609:hover , .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609:visited , .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609:active { border:0!important; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609:active , .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609 .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5621c23f7c662d200de060095c180609:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dramatic Significance EssayRomeo is a character who is perfect but has to suffer many downfalls because of Juliet. I would like to emphasise that Juliet is the character who changes Romeos fate. After Romeo falls in love with her he losers a friend, kills Tybalt and dies at the end. However he had to fall in love with her and die at the end due to it being written in his destiny as this sentence of the sonnet indicates, a pair of star crossd lovers take their lifes. Romeo is convinced that Juliet has made weak as a woman for example Romeo states, O sweet Juliet, thy beauty hath me effeminate, and in my temper soften valours steel. Romeo realizes that this entire killing is going to in tragedy for him so he defines, This days black fate on moes day doth depend. As Romeo begins to notice he has been cursed he yells, O I am fortunes fool!. Fate has a key role within act3 scene1.Fate is important to give the play a tragic ending. Mercutio also mentions fate with a touch of revenge when he says, a curse on both your houses. Fate has an impact on love by making children of enemy houses love each other. Fate is to blame for the death of Mercutio and the death of Tybalt so that Romeo can be exiled. Fate is to be blamed because Romeo is cursed with revenge to make him in to a tragic hero. In Shakespeares days revenge was also very famous in play such as changeling in which Tomazo gets revenge for the death of his brother. There was also Hamlet which was also written by Shakespeare as well as Romeo and Juliet in which Hamlet seeks revenge over the death of his father. Romeo and Juliet can be compared to these for revenge and tragedy in some cases. In Romeo and Juliet the main person who wants revenge is Romeo whose language is often full of doom. A modern director may include the new weapons such as guns as this is very demanded by the audience of today. The director could make the play intensively dramatic by using red lighting whenever someone dies. The director may involve a police commissioner instead of the prince because the police make the peace today like the kinsmans did in Shakespeares time. He may decide to set the scene in a modern well-known city. He also like to use modern clothes as this will be good to use in a modern city. The language in this scene is extremely good put in an example would be when Tybalt say, No better term than this-thou art a villain and Romeo replies, Tybalt the reason I have to love thee. Here Romeo reflects Tybalts words to keep peace. Romeo users love when Tybalt users villain. Another example would be when Tybalt says, this shall not excuse thy injuries and Romeo replies, I do protest I never injured thee. Here Romeo users injured when Tybalt users injuries . Lady Capulets speech emphasises on the importance of family she says, O cousin, O my Brothers child!, O prince, O husband! .The O in her speech show real emotional feelings and reactions. In my opinion I think that this scene is when fate, revenge and tragedy come into play. However this is the main scene, which involves revenge from Mercutio because of his death and revenge from Romeo because of Tybalt murdering Mercutio.

Painting Essay Example

Painting Essay When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images. With communication as a problem, they used images to explain concepts behind Catholicism and tell stories of Christ’s life and passion. Paintings was exclusively for the churches and for religious purposes. Occassionally used for propaganda. Tagalog painters Jose Loden, Tomas Nazario and Miguel delos Reyes, did the first still life paintings in the country. They were commissioned in 1786 by a Spanish botanist to paint the flora and fauna in the country. The earliest known historical paintings in the Philippines was a mural at the Palacio Real in Intramuros entitle â€Å"The Conquest of the Batanes† dine in 1783 which was destroyed during the 1863 Earthquake. - Secular subject matter in painting increased tin the 19th century, with more tourists, ilustrados and foreigners demanding souvenirs and decorations from the country. - Fernando Amorsolo was officially the first National Artist of the Philippines. He was given the distinction of National Artist for Painting in 1972. Several Filipino painters had the chance to study and work abroad. Among them were Juan Novicio Luna and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo who became the first International Artists when they won the gold an silver medals in the 1884 Madrid Exposition. Luna’s Academic Painting â€Å"SPOLIARIUM† won gold medal. It showed the dead and dying Roman Gladiators being dragged into the basement of allusion to Imperial Spain’s oppression of the natives. We will write a custom essay sample on Painting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Painting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Painting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Though Winning the gold medal, Luna was not awarded the Medal of Excellence, the top award for the competition, because he was a Filipino. The King of Spain, commissioned luna to paint â€Å"The Battle at Lepanto† In the same competition, Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo won the solver medal for his Virgenes christianas expuestas al populacho. The feat of Luna and Hidalgo caught the attention of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine’s National Hero, that in a gathering of Filipinos in Madrid, he gave a speech prasising Luna and Hidalgo for their mastery and nationalism. Turn of the century In-demand portraitists during the American period (1900-45) included Fabian dela Rosa, Miguel Zaragoza (not related to Jessa), Teodoro Buenaventura, Jorge Pineda and above all, Fernando Amorsolo, whose style would dominate the period, Fernando Amorsolo and their family moved from Daet, Camarines Norte to Manila when his father died (Pedro Amorsolo) to live with a first cousin, painter Fabian de la Rosa. To raise money, young Amorsolo sold watercolor postcards to a bookstore, 10 cents a piece. He was awarded honorable mention in drawing and painting in Liceo de Manila. Rice planting – Amorsolo’s first important painting and one of the most popular images of the Commonwealth period. Amorsolo designed the logo for Ginebra San Miguel (Markang demonyo) depicting St. Michael vanquishing the devil. Fruit Gatherer, 1950 Princess Urduja Ina at anak Bombing of Intendencia 1942 Defense of a Filipina Woman’s Honor 1945 Antipolo Fiesta (1947) 4 days after he died due to diabetes, arthritis and heart condition, President Ferdinand marcos conferred on Amorsolo the title National Artist for painting. Art Appreciaiton: Looking Beyond, by Ronnie Pasigui, et al